[Caustics injuries in the upper gastrointestinal tract: clinical and endoscopic features]. / Lesiones por cáusticos del tracto digestivo superior: características clínicas y endoscópicas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and endoscopic features of caustics injuries in the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients of the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted; the study populations were patients diagnosed with caustic ingestion who were admitted into the Gastroenterology service of the HNDAC to perform an upper endoscopy during the period of January 2009 to December 2012. We documented the type of caustic substance ingested, cause of intake, amount ingested, intake mode, signs or symptoms present, endoscopic findings as classified by Zargar, presence of complications and treatment performed. Analysis was performed comparing them based on the ingested caustic type: acid or alkali. RESULTS: We obtained 91 patients; the average age was 30.6±16.3 years. Caustic substances ingested were: bleach (sodium hypochlorite) in 71 (78%) patients, muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) in 18 (20%) patients, caustic soda in 2 (2%) patients. The average intake was 136ml (30-500 ml). The most frequent signs and symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and sore throat. The 46% of patients had injuries. 100% of patients who ingested acid and 33% who ingested alkali had lesions. Five (5%) patients had oropharyngeal lesions, 24 (26%) in the esophagus, 36 (40%) in the stomach and 12 (13%) in the duodenum. Grade I lesions were found in 10 (11%) patients, 16 (18%) patients with grade II lesions and 15 (16%) of patients with grade III, 12 patients who toke acid had lesions of grade III. Esophageal stricture was found in 2 (2%) patients, gastric stenosis in 7 (8%) patients and esophageal and gastric stenosis in 3 (3%) patients. Two patients required pneumatic dilation and 10 surgical treatments. CONCLUSION: Most injuries were found in the stomach. Acidic injuries occur more frequently and with greater severity than alkaline. Acidic substances produce esophageal or gastric stenosis more frequently than alkaline.

Lesiones por cáusticos del tracto digestivo superior: características clínicas y endoscópicas / Caustics injuries in the upper gastrointestinal tract: clinical and endoscopic features

Describir las características clínicas y endoscópicas de las lesiones producidas por cáusticos en el tracto digestivo superior en pacientes del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, se incluyó a pacientes con diagnóstico de ingesta de cáusticos admitidos en el servicio de Gastroenterología del HNDAC para la realización de una endoscopia digestiva alta durante el periodo de enero del 2009 a diciembre del 2012. Se documentó el tipo de sustancia cáustica ingerida, causa de ingesta, cantidad ingerida, modo de ingesta, síntomas o signos presentes, hallazgos endoscópicos según la clasificación de Zargar, presencia de complicaciones y tratamiento realizado. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo comparándolos según la sustancia cáustica ingerida: ácido o álcali. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 91 pacientes, la edad promedio fue de 30,6 +/- 16,3 años. Las sustancias caústicas ingeridas fueron: lejía (hipoclorito de sodio) en 71 (78%) pacientes, ácido muriático (ácido clorhídrico) en 18 (20%) pacientes, soda cáustica en 2 (2%) pacientes. La cantidad promedio ingerida fue de 136ml (entre 30-500 ml). Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron: vómitos, dolor abdominal, náuseas y odinofagia. El 46% de los pacientes presentaron lesiones. El 100% de los pacientes que ingirieron ácido y el 33% de los que ingirieron álcali presentaron lesiones. Cinco (5%) pacientes presentaron lesiones orofaríngeas, 24 (26%) en esófago, 36 (40%) en estómago y 12 (13%) en duodeno. Se encontró 10 (11%) pacientes con lesiones de grado I, 16 (18%) pacientes con lesiones de grado II y 15 (16%) de pacientes con lesiones de grado III; 12 pacientes que consumieron ácido presentaron lesiones de grado III. Estenosis esofágica se encontró en 2 (2%) pacientes, estenosis gástrica en 7 (8%) pacientes y estenosis esofágica y gástrica en 3 (3%) pacientes. Dos pacientes requirieron dilataciones neumáticas y 10 tratamiento quirúrgico...

To describe the clinical and endoscopic features of caustics injuries in the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients of the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted; the study populations were patients diagnosed with caustic ingestion who were admitted into the Gastroenterology service of the HNDAC to perform an upper endoscopy during the period of January 2009 to December 2012. We documented the type of caustic substance ingested, cause of intake, amount ingested, intake mode, signs or symptoms present, endoscopic findings as classified by Zargar, presence of complications and treatment performed. Analysis was performed comparing them based on the ingested caustic type: acid or alkali. Results: We obtained 91 patients; the average age was 30.6 +/- 16.3 years. Caustic substances ingested were: bleach (sodium hypochlorite) in 71 (78%) patients, muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) in 18 (20%) patients, caustic soda in 2 (2%) patients. The average intake was 136ml (30-500 ml). The most frequent signs and symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and sore throat. The 46% of patients had injuries. 100% of patients who ingested acid and 33% who ingested alkali had lesions. Five (5%) patients had oropharyngeal lesions, 24 (26%) in the esophagus, 36 (40%) in the stomach and 12 (13%) in the duodenum. Grade I lesions were found in 10 (11%) patients, 16 (18%) patients with grade II lesions and 15 (16%) of patients with grade III, 12 patients who toke acid had lesions of grade III. Esophageal stricture was found in 2 (2%) patients, gastric stenosis in 7 (8%) patients and esophageal and gastric stenosis in 3 (3%) patients. Two patients required pneumatic dilation and 10 surgical treatments...

Lesiones por cáusticos del tracto digestivo superior: características clínicas y endoscópicas en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión / Injuries by caustic of upper digestive tract: clinical and endoscopic features at the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion

OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas y endoscópicas de las lesiones producidas por cáusticos en el tracto digestivo superior en pacientes del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. MATERIALES Y METODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, la población estudiada fue pacientes con diagnóstico de ingesta de cáusticos los cuales fueron admitidos en el servicio de Gastroenterología del HNDAC para la realización de una endoscopia digestiva alta durante el periodo de enero del 2009 a diciembre del 2012. Se documentó el tipo de sustancia caústica ingerida, causa de ingesta, cantidad ingerida, modo de ingesta, síntomas o signos presentes, hallazgos endoscópicos según la clasificación de Zargar, presencia de complicaciones y tratamiento realizado. Se realizó el análisis comparándolos según a la edad como pediátrica y adulta; y a la sustancia caústica ingerida: ácido o álcali. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 98 pacientes, 91 adultos y 7 pediátricos, la edad promedio en adultos fue de 30.6±16.3 años y en pediátricos 8.7±5.3 años. Las sustancias caústicas ingeridas fueron: lejía (hipoclorito de sodio) en 75 (76 por ciento) pacientes, ácido muriático (ácido clorhídrico) en 19 (20 por ciento) pacientes, soda caústica en 3 (3 por ciento) pacientes y batería de celular (iones de litio) en 1 (1 por ciento) paciente. La cantidad promedio ingerida en adultos fue de 136ml (entre 30-500ml) y 47ml (entre 20-150ml) en pediátricos. Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron: vómitos, dolor abdominal, náuseas y odinofagia. El 46 por ciento de los adultos y el 57 por ciento de los niños presentaron lesiones. El 100 por ciento de los pacientes que ingirieron ácido y el 34 por ciento de los que ingirieron álcali presentaron lesiones. Ocho (8 por ciento) pacientes presentaron lesiones orofaríngeas, 26 (27 por ciento) en esófago, 36 (37 por ciento) en estómago y 12 (12 por ciento) en duodeno. Se encontró 12 (12 por ciento) pacientes con lesiones de grado I, 16 (16 por ciento)...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and endoscopic features of caustics injuries in the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients of the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted; the study population was patients diagnosed with caustic ingestion who were admitted into the Gastroenterology service of the HNDAC to perform an upper endoscopy during the period of January 2009 to December 2012. We documented the type of caustic substance ingested, cause of intake, amount ingested, intake mode, signs or symptoms present, endoscopic findings as classified by Zargar, presence of complications and treatment performed. Analysis was performed comparing them based on adult and pediatric age, and ingested caustic type: acid or alkali. RESULTS: were obtained 98 patients, 91 adults and 7 pediatrics; adults average age was 30.6±16.3 years and 8.7±5.3 years in pediatrics. Caustic substances ingested were: bleach (sodium hypochlorite) in 75 (76 per cent) patients, muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) in 19 (20 per cent) patients, caustic soda in 3 (3 per cent) patients and cell battery (lithium-lithium) in 1 (1 per cent) patient. The average adult intake was 136ml (30-500ml) and 47ml (20-150ml) in pediatric patients. The most frequent signs and symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and sore throat. The 46 per cent of adults and 57 per cent of children had caustic injuries. 100 per cent of patients who ingested acid and 34 per cent who ingested alkali had lesions. Eight (8 per cent) patients had oropharyngeal lesions, 26 (27 per cent) in the esophagus, 36 (37 per cent) in the stomach and 12 (12 per cent) in the duodenum. Grade I lesions were found in 12 (12 per cent) patients, 16 (16 per cent) patients with grade II lesions and 15 (15 per cent) of patients with grade III, 12 patients who toke acid had lesions of grade III. Esophageal stricture was found in 2 patients, gastric stenosis in 7 (8 per cent) patients and...